Μία προς μία καταρρίπτει τις τουρκικές αξιώσεις στην Ανατολική Μεσόγειο η Αθήνα με επιστολή που κατέθεσε στον ΟΗΕ η Ελληνίδα Μόνιμη Αντιπρόσωπος Μαρία Θεοφίλη στις 19 Φεβρουαρίου 2020.
Στην επιστολή επισημαίνεται ότι οι τουρκικές διεκδικήσεις και οι συντεταγμένες που κατατέθηκαν είναι νομικά άκυρες, δεν παράγουν αποτελέσματα και δεν μπορεί να γίνει επίκληση τους έναντι της Ελλάδος.
Η επιστολή έρχεται ως απάντηση στην αντίστοιχη που είχε υποβάλει στο ΟΗΕ ο Τούρκος Μόνιμος Αντιπρόσωπος Φεριντούν Σινιρίογλου στις 13 Νοεμβρίου του 2019, που ουσιαστικά αποτύπωνε το σχέδιο της «γαλάζιας πατρίδας».
Στην επιστολή μεταξύ άλλων:
- Απορρίπτεται κατηγορηματικά η αναφορά της επιστολής Σινιρλίογλου ότι η Τουρκία έχει δικαιώματα σε υφαλοκρηπίδα ακόμη και δυτικά του 28ου μεσημβρινού, με την οποία ουσιαστικά αμφισβητείται και το δικαίωμα επέκτασης των ελληνικών χωρικών υδάτων λόγω των συντεταγμένων που είχε καταθέσει η Άγκυρα. Επισημαίνεται ιδιαίτερα πως με τον τρόπο αυτό όχι μόνο παραβιάζεται το Δίκαιο της Θάλασσας, αλλά επίσης το αδιαίρετο της ελληνικής εδαφικής ακεραιότητας και κυριαρχίας και παράλληλα αγνοείται πλήρως η προβολή των ελληνικών νησιών που συναντώνται με τις προβολές των ακτών της Λιβύης και της Αιγύπτου.
- Επισημαίνεται ότι όλα τα ελληνικά νησιά έχουν πλήρη δικαιώματα σε όλες τις θαλάσσιες ζώνες.
- Τονίζεται ότι η οριοθέτηση θαλασσίων ζωνών μεταξύ κρατών με αντικείμενες ακτές απαιτεί συμφωνία, βάσει του Δικαίου της Θάλασσας.
Το πλήρες κείμενο της επιστολής στα αγγλικά:
«Greece deeply regrets that the above Turkish letter repeats Turkey’s unsubstantiated and legally unfounded claims regarding the outer limits of its continental shelf in the Eastern Mediterranean that are west of longitude 32º16’18”E.
In addition, the letter contains a list of geographical coordinates defining the outer limits of the Turkish continental shelf claims while completely ignoring the legitimate sovereign rights of Greece and of other neighbouring countries in that same maritime area.
Greece wishes to reiterate that the above Turkish claims blatantly disregard the ipso facto and ab initio sovereign rights of Greece in that maritime area. More specifically, according to a well-established principle of the law of the sea, islands, regardless of their size, have full entitlement to maritime zones (continental shelf/exclusive economic zone), as other land territory, a rule clearly stipulated in article 121 (2) of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which reflects customary international law as confirmed by international jurisprudence. This is also confirmed by international practice, including existing delimitation agreements in the
Eastern Mediterranean.
Furthermore, some of the above illegal coordinates depict the limits of the invalid “agreement” concluded between Turkey and the illegal secessionist entity in the north of Cyprus, in stark violation of Security Council resolutions 541 (1983) and 550 (1984). This is an act of contempt for Security Council decisions and international
law. These coordinates are null and void.
In addition, the Turkish claims regarding the delimitation of maritime zones west of meridian 28º00’00”E (annex to A/74/550, part D of the list of geographical coordinates) and the related allegations that the Greek islands in that maritime area do not generate maritime zones beyond their territorial sea, are in flagrant violation of the above-mentioned principle, and infringe on the indivisibility of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Greece. It is obvious that the aim of such claims is to distort delimitation by refashioning geography in that region contrary to the rules of the international law of the sea, both conventional and customary. Such claims
completely ignore the fact that the coasts of the Greek islands generate projections to the south which overlap with the projections of the coasts of Egypt and Libya.
The above equally applies to the area between the longitudes of 28º00’00”E and 32º16’18”E, where the Turkish claims disregard the entitlements of the Greek islands as well as those of the coasts of Cyprus and Egypt.
It should also be stressed that, in line with our long-standing position, as reflected in Greek national legislation (note verbale No. 974 dated 8 May 2012, see Law of the Sea Bulletin, vol. 79, p. 14), the delimitation of the continental shelf or exclusive economic zone between States with opposite coasts (both continental and insular) should take place in accordance with the pertinent rules of international law on the basis of the equidistance/median line principle. Greece has on many occasions registered the above positions with the United Nations (note verbale dated 24 February 2005, see Law of the Sea Bulletin, vol. 57, p. 129; note verbale No. 389
dated 20 February 2013, see Law of the Sea Bulletin, vol. 81, p. 23; and letters from the Permanent Representative of Greece dated 23 May 2016 (A/70/900-S/2016/474), 8 December 2016 (A/71/675-S/2016/1043), 10 May 2017 (A/71/901-S/2016/416) and 25 April 2019 (A/73/850-S/2019/344) and has also communicated them bilaterally to
Turkey.
According to article 83 (1) of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the delimitation of the continental shelf between States with opposite or adjacent coasts shall be effected by agreement on the basis of international law, as referred to in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, in order to achieve an equitable solution. The jurisprudence of the international courts and tribunals on maritime delimitation affirms the central importance of the equidistance line in maritime delimitation, in the application of articles 74 and 83 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the corresponding rules of customary international law. This jurisprudence has developed a consistent methodology based on equidistance which has been practised overwhelmingly by international courts and tribunals.
Moreover, by singling out “equitable principles, taking all the special and relevant circumstances into account based on international law” and using them in the abstract and independently of the established delimitation methodology, the Turkish letter attributes to the above a role which is not consistent with existing jurisprudence
on delimitation, thus making a misleading reading of this jurisprudence. Likewise, the “principle of equity”, erroneously used in the Turkish letter as a rule governing maritime delimitation, does not reflect the present state of jurisprudence as already mentioned.
In view of the above, Greece strongly rejects the aforementioned Turkish claims in their entirety, as well as the arbitrary coordinates annexed to the above letter, which unlawfully define the outer limits of Turkey’s claimed continental shelf, in stark violation of the international law of the sea and the sovereign rights of Greece in the
Eastern Mediterranean. Therefore these claims and the said coordinates are void of any legal consequences. They cannot form the foundation of any legal rights and cannot be invoked against Greece. In this respect, Greece reserves all its rights under international law.
The Turkish letter together with other illegal and provocative Turkish acts in the same maritime area in complete disregard of Greece’s sovereign rights, as well as of those of other neighbouring countries, seriously endanger peace and security.
I would be grateful if you would have the present letter circulated as a document of the General Assembly, under agenda items 41 and 74, and of the Security Council, and published on the website of the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea and in the next edition of the Law of the Sea Bulletin».
